present perfect tense

Present Perfect Tense merupakan Tenses ketiga dalam Bahasa Inggris. Secara sederhana diartikan sebagai bentuk waktu yang menjelaskan tentang suatu kejadian, peristiwa atau kejadian yang telah terjadi pada periode tertentu dan pada saat bicara, kejadian, peristiwa atau aktivitas tersebut tidak lagi dilakukan atau berlangsung.

Rumus:

a. Kalimat Verbal:

(+) Subjek + have, has + V3 + dll
(-) Subjek + have, has + not + V3 + dll
(?) Have, Has + subjek + V3 +dll?

b. Kalimat Non-Verbal
(+) Subjek + have, has + been + dll
(-) Subjek + have, has + not + been + dll
(?) Have, Has + subjek +been +dll?

Perhatikan contoh berikut:

KALIMAT VERBAL

a. Kalimat Positif

• I have seen the movie.
• We have seen the movie.
• You have seen the movie.
• They have seen the movie.
• He has seen the movie.
• She has seen the movie.
• My friend has seen the movie.

b. Kalimat Negatif

• I have not seen the movie.
• We have not seen the movie.
• You have not seen the movie.
• They have not seen the movie.
• He has not seen the movie.
• She has not seen the movie.
• My friend has not seen the movie.

c. Kalimat Tanya

• Have you seen the movie?
• Have they seen the movie?
• Has he seen the movie?
• Has she seen the movie?

KALIMAT NON-VERBAL

a. Kalimat Positif

• I have been here for 20 minutes.
• We have been here for 20 minutes.
• You have been here for 20 minutes.
• They have been here for 20 minutes.
• He has been here for 20 minutes.
• She has been here for 20 minutes.
• My friend has been here for 20 minutes.

b. Kalimat Negatif

• I have not been here for 20 minutes.
• We have not been here for 20 minutes.
• You have not been here for 20 minutes.
• They have not been here for 20 minutes.
• He has not been here for 20 minutes.
• She has not been here for 20 minutes.
• My friend has not been here for 20 minutes.

c. Kalimat Tanya

• Have you been here for 20 minutes?
• Have they been here for 20 minutes?
• Has he been here for 20 minutes?
• Has she been here for 20 minutes?

Tense ini digunakan untuk:

•  Pengalaman
•  Perubahan
• Situasi Yang berkelanjutan

Perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimatnya berikut ini:

• We have never eaten pizza. (=I do not have any experience to eat pizza)
• John has broken his leg. (=yesterday John had a good leg)
•  I have lived in Medan for 3 years.

For & Since dengan Present Perfect Tense

• Kita memakai for untuk membicarakan tentang sebuah periode waktu.
• Kita memakai since untuk membicarakan tentang titik (batas waktu) di masa lampau.

Perhatikan contoh-contoh berikut ini:

• I have been here for 10 minutes.
• I have been here since 4 o'clock.
• Ann hasn't called me for 3 months.
• Margareth hasn't called since March .
• He has worked in Los Angeles for a long time.
• He has worked in Alabama since he left school.